Full definition
Fiber reinforced polymer (FRP) composite using glass fiber filaments (E-glass, S-glass, or C-glass) embedded in a thermoset resin matrix (polyester, vinyl ester, or epoxy). E-glass (most common): tensile strength 3,400 MPa, modulus 72 GPa, density 2.54 g/cm³, excellent cost/performance ratio. Fiber forms: chopped strand mat (CSM, for hand lay-up), woven roving (bidirectional strength), unidirectional tape, and continuous roving (for filament winding and pultrusion). Manufacturing: hand lay-up (prototypes, tanks), spray-up (large surfaces), filament winding (pipes, pressure vessels), pultrusion (profiles, gratings, rebar), and compression molding (panels, covers). Properties of cured laminate: tensile 150-450 MPa, excellent corrosion resistance (no rust), electrical insulation, RF transparency, lightweight (1/4 density of steel). Per ASTM D3039 and D2584. Applications: chemical tanks and piping, cooling towers, boat hulls, building panels, electrical enclosures, wind turbine blades, and industrial gratings/walkways. Major resin brands: Ashland, AOC, Scott Bader.