Full definition
Pressure below atmospheric (1013 mbar), generated by rotary vane/Roots vacuum pumps or Venturi ejectors. Vacuum levels: rough vacuum (100-1000 mbar), medium vacuum (1-100 mbar), high vacuum (<1 mbar). Applications: suction-cup workholding (force = ΔP × area), vacuum packaging, glass sheet handling, degassing, filtration, pneumatic conveying. Units: mbar, Torr, inHg, kPa. Brands: Piab, Schmalz, Festo, Busch, Leybold.