Full definition
Circuit that transmits force and motion through a pressurized fluid (hydraulic oil). Key components: pump, directional valves, actuators, reservoir, filters, and lines. Working pressures: 70-180 bar (medium), 180-350 bar (high). Up to 10× more force density than pneumatics. Design standard: ISO 4413. Leading brands: Parker, Bosch Rexroth, Eaton, Hydraulex. Volumetric efficiency: 90-98%.