Full definition
Cylinder receiving fluid pressure on both sides of the piston, generating controlled force in both extension and retraction. The most common type in industrial hydraulics and pneumatics. Extension force = P × π/4 × D²; retraction force = P × π/4 × (D² − d²). Higher air consumption on extension than retraction. Standards ISO 6020 (hydraulic), ISO 15552 (pneumatic). Brands: Festo (DNC/DSBC), SMC (CQ2/C95), Parker (P1A/2A), Bosch Rexroth (CDL1).