ASTM D2047

Standard Test Method for Static Coefficient of Friction of Polish-Coated Flooring Surfaces as Measured by the James Machine — the principal reference test in the Americas for classifying floor surfaces as non-slip or slip-hazardous. The James Machine presses a weighted leather-bottomed test foot against the flooring surface at a controlled rate and measures the force required to initiate sliding. The result is the static coefficient of friction (SCOF): a value ≥0.5 classifies the surface as "non-slip" and is considered reasonably safe for pedestrian traffic. OSHA references this threshold in 29 CFR 1910.22, and the ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) uses it for accessible routes. Testing conditions: flat, clean, dry surface at standard temperature 23±2°C. For wet conditions, ANSI A326.3 (dynamic COF using BOT-3000E tribometer, threshold ≥0.42) is increasingly specified as a complement. Rubber flooring with textured surfaces typically achieves SCOF 0.6-0.9, well exceeding the minimum. Per ASTM D2047-17. For industrial flooring sales in Mexico and LATAM, stating "COF >0.5 per ASTM D2047" on product data sheets provides the recognized non-slip certification reference.

What you need to know

The James Machine presses a weighted leather-bottomed test foot against the flooring surface at a controlled rate and measures the force required to initiate sliding.

The result is the static coefficient of friction (SCOF): a value ≥0.5 classifies the surface as "non-slip" and is considered reasonably safe for pedestrian traffic.

OSHA references this threshold in 29 CFR 1910.22, and the ADA (Americans with Disabilities Act) uses it for accessible routes.

Testing conditions: flat, clean, dry surface at standard temperature 23±2°C.

Full definition

ASTM D2047 is a crucial standard that defines the testing methodology for evaluating the static coefficient of friction (SCOF) of polish-coated flooring surfaces using the James Machine. This standard is essential for identifying non-slip versus slip-hazardous surfaces, which is particularly important in settings where safety is paramount. The James Machine employs a weighted leather-bottomed test foot pressed against the flooring surface at a controlled speed, measuring the force needed to initiate sliding. The resulting SCOF value is critical; a score of ≥0.5 classifies the surface as non-slip, which is considered safe for pedestrian traffic. This threshold is not just a guideline; it is referenced in regulations such as OSHA's 29 CFR 1910.22 and the Americans with Disabilities Act (ADA), underscoring its importance in promoting safety and accessibility in public spaces.

The testing is conducted under specific conditions: the surface must be flat, clean, and dry, with a standard temperature of 23±2°C. For environments where wet conditions are a factor, complementary standards like ANSI A326.3 come into play, utilizing the BOT-3000E tribometer to measure dynamic coefficients of friction (COF), where a threshold of ≥0.42 is often specified. This multi-faceted approach to measuring friction ensures comprehensive safety assessments in various conditions. Additionally, rubber flooring materials with textured surfaces often achieve SCOF values between 0.6 and 0.9, significantly exceeding the minimum threshold set forth by ASTM D2047.

For industrial flooring suppliers in Mexico and LATAM, including the statement 'COF >0.5 per ASTM D2047' on product data sheets serves as a recognized certification reference for non-slip surfaces. This not only aids in ensuring compliance with regulations but also enhances customer confidence in the safety features of the flooring products offered. As such, adherence to ASTM D2047 is not just a matter of compliance; it is a critical component of responsible industrial practice, ensuring that flooring solutions meet the necessary safety standards for various applications.

What you need to know

ASTM D2047 measures the static coefficient of friction for flooring surfaces using the James Machine.

A SCOF value of ≥0.5 is classified as 'non-slip' and is deemed safe for pedestrian traffic.

The standard requires testing on a flat, clean, dry surface at a controlled temperature of 23±2°C.

For wet conditions, ANSI A326.3 specifies dynamic COF testing with a threshold of ≥0.42.

Rubber flooring typically achieves SCOF values between 0.6 and 0.9, which exceeds the minimum safety requirements.

Industrial applications

1Used in commercial buildings to ensure safe pedestrian traffic on flooring surfaces.

2Critical for public infrastructure projects to comply with safety regulations.

3Applied in the design and installation of flooring in hospitals and care facilities to prevent slips.

4Essential in retail environments where customer safety is a priority on polished floors.

Common mistakes

✕Not conducting tests under specified conditions, leading to inaccurate SCOF values.

✕Failing to communicate test results clearly on product data sheets.

✕Overlooking the importance of wet condition testing, especially in high-traffic areas.

✕Assuming all rubber flooring inherently meets or exceeds the SCOF requirements without testing.

ASTM D2047

What you need to know

Full definition

What you need to know

Industrial applications

Common mistakes

Pro tip

Technical standards

Suppliers of industrial products in Mexico

Applicable standards